THE MATH behind NUMB3RS
Original Math Notes
All Seasons
Episode 410: Chinese Box--Explore the Math
Episode 410: Chinese Box
Interactive Computations
Use the free Wolfram Mathematica Player to interact with the math behind NUMB3RS.
Scene 32:
                    ALAN
             (re: blackboard)
          'Fuzzy C-Means Cluster Analysis.'
          Hard to believe there was a time when
          I considered myself math literate...

Cluster Analysis for 2D Points »

Cluster Analysis for 2D Points
Cluster analysis groups data elements according to a similarity function.
Scene 32:
                    ALAN
             (re: blackboard)
          'Fuzzy C-Means Cluster Analysis.'
          Hard to believe there was a time when
          I considered myself math literate...

                    CHARLIE
          The process can get complex, but the
          concept is fairly simple -- David and
          Blakely are throwing off two
          coinciding heat signatures...

ENTER AUDIENCE VISION --

Of a SCHOOL OF FISH -- think coral reef, colorful,
beautiful...

                    CHARLIE (V.O.) (cont'd)
          ... like two schools of fish, passing
          through each other... looking to the
          naked eye like a single group...

... a SECOND SCHOOL OF FISH swimming into the first... it
becomes a writhing mass of color and motion... data on each
fish flying away from them...

                    CHARLIE (V.O.) (cont'd)
          ... but if you analyze the data
          discretely -- check the movement and
          behavior of the individual fish --

... the math separating the TWO SCHOOLS to opposite sides of
the screen...

                    CHARLIE (V.O.) (cont'd)
          -- you can separate the two
          groupings.

Merging Schools of Fish »

Merging Schools of Fish
Imagine two schools of fish passing through each other, looking to the naked eye like a single group.
Scene 36:
ENTER AUDIENCE VISION --
Of FIREFLIES in the night...

                    CHARLIE (V.O.) (cont'd)
          -- much like fireflies, flickering
          off and on during a summer night;
          apparently random blinks of light in
          the darkness ...

... MATH following their trails backward --

                    CHARLIE (V.O.) (cont'd)
          ... but math reveals their path and
          purpose, tells us which trees they've
          laid eggs beneath, where they've gone
          to mate; bringing rhythm and pattern
          to the light show.

Model of a Firefly Swarm »

Model of a Firefly Swarm
Using techniques of swarm modeling, it is possible to make a somewhat unrealistic model of firefly behavior.
Scene 48:
                    CHARLIE
          Chaos Theory holds that outcome is
          sensitive to initial conditions. We
          must restore the decision making
          process to the man who started it.

Sensitive Dependence in Iterated Maps »

Sensitive Dependence in Iterated Maps
A classic result in chaos theory is that small perturbations in "chaotic" iterated maps grow roughly exponentially.
 
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