The mathematical terms here are red herrings. Each of these is an example of an anagram, an arrangement of letters. For example, "sentimental value" and "valentine amulets" have the exact same letters. Similarly, "anagram" plus "Cheez-It" equals "The Amazing Race." Each of the boxes in the puzzle is an anagram of something.

Highlight below for a more explicit hint.
The first answer is "ten of spades." Adding these letters to "mortice" and rearranging gives "masters of deception." All answers are card names.